Shang Dynasty
The first dynasty of ancient China that can be proved strong by archaeological data is the Shang Dynasty. Here we will introduce the Shang Dynasty as the earliest dynasty recorded in history in China.
Xia Dynasty in the reign of chaos is never out of control, interference and attacks from outside also never stops, after rising to the throne, Jie also did not try to change the conditions, even more unjust and cruel, so that the nobles finally began to rebel. In about 1600 BC, the leader of the tribe of the Shang, Tang joined with other tribes to overthrow the Xia Dynasty, and founded the Shang Dynasty. At first the Shang tribe had its capital in Bo, after defeating the Xia Dynasty, moved the capital to the west and still called by the name of Bo.
Having ascended to the throne, Tang ruled with wisdom to the people, with the help of such talented ministers Yiy i n and Zhongyuan, the more powerful and prosperous country. After Tang died, because his eldest son died young Dading, the throne passed on to younger Dading, Waib i ng; after Waib i ng dies, succeeded by his brother Zhongren; and after Zhongren died, the throne passed back to the son of Dading, a Taiji. Taiji a third-year reign, and therefore ruled incorrectly and immoral, Taiji a sequestered by Yiy Tonggong i n to the palace.After three years of living in the palace Tonggong, Taiji a feel very sorry, so finally Yiy i n pick up and handed back power to him.
At first, the Shang Dynasty moved the capital several times his, until the last in the reign of Pangeng establish the capital at Yin, so that the Shang Dynasty is often referred to as the Yin Dynasty. After Pangeng moved the capital to Yin, Shang Dynasty, the local economy has developed more advanced again. Until then the reign of W u ding, Shang Dynasty did a lot of offensive expansion, conquered many neighboring small countries, expanding its territorial area, so that the Shang Dynasty to the top glory.
Shang Dynasty set several state structures more robust. The central government established two important departments of state affairs department of the secretariat of state law and departmental procedures. Areas handed over to the nobles, in order to strengthen pemeritahan area, and many officials and palace guards. While military power and war equipment remains with the immediate royal family, statesmen also set Xingfa (penalty) and Jianyu (prison) is very cruel. In addition, also using religious beliefs to strengthen the powers of government, the king of Shang Dynasty even call themselves as representatives of God in this world, combines the power of divine and royal power.
After W u ding died, Shang Dynasty began to retreat and weaken. The last king of Shang Dynasty, Dixin or Zhouwang effectively promote economic and cultural relations by opening relations with China's southeast, Huaihe River and Changjiang waters, but because it is always involved in wars and build a palace on a large scale, which is very draining and spend human resources and wealth of the people, giving rise to disappointment in the hearts of the people. Zhou Wu wang deploy 300 chariots, 3,000 troops next attack, 4500 soldiers, and joined the tribe Qiang, Mao, Lu, etc., simultaneously attacking Zhouwang, and managed to strike up capital of the Shang Dynasty, Chaoge.
At that time the Shang troops are fighting against a small tribe in the northeast, so that the soldiers forced to use slaves and prisoners of war in the region to deal with Muye, 70 l i(unit distance) from Chaoge. The slaves did not want to fight for the king of Shang Zhouwang evil and unjust, so that at critical moments, Shang troops suddenly turn things around, attacking his own troops. Apparently the troops who defected were slaves and soldiers prisoner who has long hated Shang Zhouwang. Shang troops become confused and easily destroyed.
After the Battle of Muye, Shang Zhouwang are aware of the defeat, does not want troops Zhou and have court and seize his property, he ordered his subordinates to collect all the treasure palace, and wrapped himself with a cloth, lay above all these valuables, with fire, burn and kill a sinful life. Zhou W u wang for the support of various tribes and small nations, established the Zhou Dynasty, the third slave dynasty in Chinese society. After the Shang Dynasty collapsed, the rest of the Shang Dynasty, ruling family who survived their clan together Menganti from Z i be the name of their fallen dynasty, Yin.
The royal family who survived later became aristocratic and often helping to government administrative purposes Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Chengwang through mangkubuminya, which is his own uncle, Gongdan Zhou, Shang Zhouwang bestow to you, i Weiz area Shang Dynasty used the old capital and its surroundings became the state of Song. Country Song and descendants still continue the ritual of the Shang Dynasty to the Shang Dynasty kings who died and survived until the year 286sm.
Between the Korean and Chinese legend states that one of the Shang Dynasty prince who is not satisfied, named Jiz i (Kija), refused to hand over powers to the Zhou Dynasty, chose to leave China with the rest of his army and established the Joseon Gija near Pyongyang is now becoming one of the initial state Korea (Go-, Gija-, and Wiman-Joseon). Nevertheless Jiz irarely mentioned in history, and there is a story of his departure to assume the Joseon was mystical.
At times of late Shang dynasty, the king took over the task of predicting which is usually done by the royal astrologer. Astrologer kingdom in the early and mid-Shang Dynasty kings usually predict travel and his kingdom. Some of the king who ruled during the late Shang dynasty no longer predict in general. Prediction is only performed by certain experts, predictions about the war, the rules for the router / offspring.
Most historians conclude, that belief during the late Shang Dynasty is a forerunner of how to worship well into the core of Confucian philosophy and mindset of the ethnic Chinese. The kings and the people have faith in the gods that govern the earth nature as god, the god of rivers, the mountain god, the god of the sun etc.. like a king who has the power to set his country. At the time of a king who has the power area died, believed to automatically become a god with the task to regulate certain parts of life / natural.
Archaeological research results prove That in the early Shang Dynasty,The Chinese civilization has developed Enough Until a high level to be marked by a script the the which carved on tortoise shells or animal bones and bronze culture.scripts on tortoise shells or bones were found by coincidence. In the early 20th century, farmers in northwest Xiaotun Village in Henan Province Anyang sell tortoise shell and animal bones found by chance as an ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine. There are scholars who recognize the ancient letters carved on it, then start their search. Shortly thereafter, the expert of ancient Chinese characters carved ensure scripts on tortoise shells and bones of the Shang Dynasty, it is the letter, and ensure the village of Xiaotun as Yinxi, relics of debris former capital of the Shang Dynasty the seat of which was mentioned in ancient books . The discovery and excavation Yinxi is the most important archaeological discoveries in the 20th century in China. Since the first excavations in 1928, Unearthed in the site it has many precious cultural objects, Among others, tortoise shell and animal bones berukiran ancient scripts and bronze tools. Script etched into the tortoise shell and animal bones are ancient script. In the Shang Dynasty, the king would predict the pros and cons before doing anything. Tortoise shell and animal bones are fortune-telling tool. Before use, tortoise shell and animal bones cleaned must be treated with blood and flesh attached to it, then sawed and polished flat. After that,behind tortoise shell or animal bone cuts are made regularly by means of a knife. Shaman carved his name, date of fortune-telling and question above shell or bone, then the scratches on the shell and bone were lit with fire. The scratches it will crack on fire, and the cracks were called "Zhao" or "address and sign". Shaman will analyze it and get a crack at the fortune-teller, and then engrave on tortoise shell and animal bones about it right or not astrologers.After fortune-telling is evident,tortoise shell and animal bones carved fortune-teller's words were the resource persons kept as official records. So far in Yinxi site has found 160,000 pieces of tortoise shells or animal bones, among them, there are still intact, there is also a form of fractions without the engraved letters. According to statistics, the number of letters in the shell and bone is about 4000 more, and that has been proven through research scientists numbering about 3,000. Of about 3,000 letters that can be read and explained, meaning that only a thousand more. The rest is not legible and unknown meaning or interpretation of the scientists is much the opposite. Even so, through a thousand more letters that have to be the outline of knowing the political situation, economy, culture etc. in the Shang Dynasty. Special work of the earliest research on literacy in tortoise shell and animal bones was written by Liu E, which was published in 1913. Case Studies In Kura Kura shells and animal bones, the work of Guo Moro, famous Chinese historian and writer in 1929 was the work of other "special importance. Competent experts in the field of research, among others Professor Qiu Xikui from Peking University and Professor Li Xueqin from the Institute of Chinese History. As characters in tortoise shells or animal bones, bronze tools also the most representative objects from the Shang Dynasty. Casting bronze tools in the Shang Dynasty had reached a fairly high level of technique. Bronze Tools Unearthed from sites already Thousands Yinxi, of them, square tripot Yinxi unearthed in ruins in 1939 weighing 875 kilograms, height 133 centimeters, the length of 110 centimeters and 78 centimeters wide. The shape is very majestic and is one of the top works of the bronze culture. The result of archaeological excavation and scientific research has proven that during the Shang Dynasty, the country has been formed and the system of private property rights have also been established in principle. Since then, the history of China entered the era of civilization.
Is a dynasty which replaced the Xia Dynasty in Chinese history. Around the year 1600 BC, the Shang Dynasty founded by the leaders of the Shang tribe, Tang
after destroying the Xia Dynasty. Shang Dynasty through the reign of as many as 17 generations, 31 the king. 500s in power for years, until 1046 BC was conquered by the Zhou Wuwang
Shang writing all aspects of daily life, such as predicting the future, the offering, the movement of troops, matters relating to the Tribute, hunting trips, building construction, weather, disease, agriculture and labor on a turtle shell. Name the first king have been found written on tortoise shell is Wuding who ruled the kingdom of Shang in the 12th century BC.
The first dynasty of ancient China that can be proved strong by archaeological data is the Shang Dynasty. Here we will introduce the Shang Dynasty as the earliest dynasty recorded in history in China.
Xia Dynasty in the reign of chaos is never out of control, interference and attacks from outside also never stops, after rising to the throne, Jie also did not try to change the conditions, even more unjust and cruel, so that the nobles finally began to rebel. In about 1600 BC, the leader of the tribe of the Shang, Tang joined with other tribes to overthrow the Xia Dynasty, and founded the Shang Dynasty. At first the Shang tribe had its capital in Bo, after defeating the Xia Dynasty, moved the capital to the west and still called by the name of Bo.
Having ascended to the throne, Tang ruled with wisdom to the people, with the help of such talented ministers Yiy i n and Zhongyuan, the more powerful and prosperous country. After Tang died, because his eldest son died young Dading, the throne passed on to younger Dading, Waib i ng; after Waib i ng dies, succeeded by his brother Zhongren; and after Zhongren died, the throne passed back to the son of Dading, a Taiji. Taiji a third-year reign, and therefore ruled incorrectly and immoral, Taiji a sequestered by Yiy Tonggong i n to the palace.After three years of living in the palace Tonggong, Taiji a feel very sorry, so finally Yiy i n pick up and handed back power to him.
At first, the Shang Dynasty moved the capital several times his, until the last in the reign of Pangeng establish the capital at Yin, so that the Shang Dynasty is often referred to as the Yin Dynasty. After Pangeng moved the capital to Yin, Shang Dynasty, the local economy has developed more advanced again. Until then the reign of W u ding, Shang Dynasty did a lot of offensive expansion, conquered many neighboring small countries, expanding its territorial area, so that the Shang Dynasty to the top glory.
Shang Dynasty set several state structures more robust. The central government established two important departments of state affairs department of the secretariat of state law and departmental procedures. Areas handed over to the nobles, in order to strengthen pemeritahan area, and many officials and palace guards. While military power and war equipment remains with the immediate royal family, statesmen also set Xingfa (penalty) and Jianyu (prison) is very cruel. In addition, also using religious beliefs to strengthen the powers of government, the king of Shang Dynasty even call themselves as representatives of God in this world, combines the power of divine and royal power.
After W u ding died, Shang Dynasty began to retreat and weaken. The last king of Shang Dynasty, Dixin or Zhouwang effectively promote economic and cultural relations by opening relations with China's southeast, Huaihe River and Changjiang waters, but because it is always involved in wars and build a palace on a large scale, which is very draining and spend human resources and wealth of the people, giving rise to disappointment in the hearts of the people. Zhou Wu wang deploy 300 chariots, 3,000 troops next attack, 4500 soldiers, and joined the tribe Qiang, Mao, Lu, etc., simultaneously attacking Zhouwang, and managed to strike up capital of the Shang Dynasty, Chaoge.
At that time the Shang troops are fighting against a small tribe in the northeast, so that the soldiers forced to use slaves and prisoners of war in the region to deal with Muye, 70 l i(unit distance) from Chaoge. The slaves did not want to fight for the king of Shang Zhouwang evil and unjust, so that at critical moments, Shang troops suddenly turn things around, attacking his own troops. Apparently the troops who defected were slaves and soldiers prisoner who has long hated Shang Zhouwang. Shang troops become confused and easily destroyed.
After the Battle of Muye, Shang Zhouwang are aware of the defeat, does not want troops Zhou and have court and seize his property, he ordered his subordinates to collect all the treasure palace, and wrapped himself with a cloth, lay above all these valuables, with fire, burn and kill a sinful life. Zhou W u wang for the support of various tribes and small nations, established the Zhou Dynasty, the third slave dynasty in Chinese society. After the Shang Dynasty collapsed, the rest of the Shang Dynasty, ruling family who survived their clan together Menganti from Z i be the name of their fallen dynasty, Yin.
The royal family who survived later became aristocratic and often helping to government administrative purposes Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Chengwang through mangkubuminya, which is his own uncle, Gongdan Zhou, Shang Zhouwang bestow to you, i Weiz area Shang Dynasty used the old capital and its surroundings became the state of Song. Country Song and descendants still continue the ritual of the Shang Dynasty to the Shang Dynasty kings who died and survived until the year 286sm.
Between the Korean and Chinese legend states that one of the Shang Dynasty prince who is not satisfied, named Jiz i (Kija), refused to hand over powers to the Zhou Dynasty, chose to leave China with the rest of his army and established the Joseon Gija near Pyongyang is now becoming one of the initial state Korea (Go-, Gija-, and Wiman-Joseon). Nevertheless Jiz irarely mentioned in history, and there is a story of his departure to assume the Joseon was mystical.
At times of late Shang dynasty, the king took over the task of predicting which is usually done by the royal astrologer. Astrologer kingdom in the early and mid-Shang Dynasty kings usually predict travel and his kingdom. Some of the king who ruled during the late Shang dynasty no longer predict in general. Prediction is only performed by certain experts, predictions about the war, the rules for the router / offspring.
Most historians conclude, that belief during the late Shang Dynasty is a forerunner of how to worship well into the core of Confucian philosophy and mindset of the ethnic Chinese. The kings and the people have faith in the gods that govern the earth nature as god, the god of rivers, the mountain god, the god of the sun etc.. like a king who has the power to set his country. At the time of a king who has the power area died, believed to automatically become a god with the task to regulate certain parts of life / natural.
Archaeological research results prove That in the early Shang Dynasty,The Chinese civilization has developed Enough Until a high level to be marked by a script the the which carved on tortoise shells or animal bones and bronze culture.scripts on tortoise shells or bones were found by coincidence. In the early 20th century, farmers in northwest Xiaotun Village in Henan Province Anyang sell tortoise shell and animal bones found by chance as an ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine. There are scholars who recognize the ancient letters carved on it, then start their search. Shortly thereafter, the expert of ancient Chinese characters carved ensure scripts on tortoise shells and bones of the Shang Dynasty, it is the letter, and ensure the village of Xiaotun as Yinxi, relics of debris former capital of the Shang Dynasty the seat of which was mentioned in ancient books . The discovery and excavation Yinxi is the most important archaeological discoveries in the 20th century in China. Since the first excavations in 1928, Unearthed in the site it has many precious cultural objects, Among others, tortoise shell and animal bones berukiran ancient scripts and bronze tools. Script etched into the tortoise shell and animal bones are ancient script. In the Shang Dynasty, the king would predict the pros and cons before doing anything. Tortoise shell and animal bones are fortune-telling tool. Before use, tortoise shell and animal bones cleaned must be treated with blood and flesh attached to it, then sawed and polished flat. After that,behind tortoise shell or animal bone cuts are made regularly by means of a knife. Shaman carved his name, date of fortune-telling and question above shell or bone, then the scratches on the shell and bone were lit with fire. The scratches it will crack on fire, and the cracks were called "Zhao" or "address and sign". Shaman will analyze it and get a crack at the fortune-teller, and then engrave on tortoise shell and animal bones about it right or not astrologers.After fortune-telling is evident,tortoise shell and animal bones carved fortune-teller's words were the resource persons kept as official records. So far in Yinxi site has found 160,000 pieces of tortoise shells or animal bones, among them, there are still intact, there is also a form of fractions without the engraved letters. According to statistics, the number of letters in the shell and bone is about 4000 more, and that has been proven through research scientists numbering about 3,000. Of about 3,000 letters that can be read and explained, meaning that only a thousand more. The rest is not legible and unknown meaning or interpretation of the scientists is much the opposite. Even so, through a thousand more letters that have to be the outline of knowing the political situation, economy, culture etc. in the Shang Dynasty. Special work of the earliest research on literacy in tortoise shell and animal bones was written by Liu E, which was published in 1913. Case Studies In Kura Kura shells and animal bones, the work of Guo Moro, famous Chinese historian and writer in 1929 was the work of other "special importance. Competent experts in the field of research, among others Professor Qiu Xikui from Peking University and Professor Li Xueqin from the Institute of Chinese History. As characters in tortoise shells or animal bones, bronze tools also the most representative objects from the Shang Dynasty. Casting bronze tools in the Shang Dynasty had reached a fairly high level of technique. Bronze Tools Unearthed from sites already Thousands Yinxi, of them, square tripot Yinxi unearthed in ruins in 1939 weighing 875 kilograms, height 133 centimeters, the length of 110 centimeters and 78 centimeters wide. The shape is very majestic and is one of the top works of the bronze culture. The result of archaeological excavation and scientific research has proven that during the Shang Dynasty, the country has been formed and the system of private property rights have also been established in principle. Since then, the history of China entered the era of civilization.
1 comment:
what diseases were present in the Shang Dynasty
Post a Comment